On May 11, 2026, the President signed into law S. 1020, sponsored by Senators Steve Daines (R-Mont.) and John Fetterman (D-Pa.), which modifies the timelines under which certain federally licensed hydropower projects must begin construction. The law focuses on a defined set of “covered projects” and provides the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) with additional authority to extend construction‑start deadlines beyond what is currently permitted under the Federal Power Act.
FERC Issues Draft Revised Cybersecurity Guidance for Hydropower Projects (Section 9.0)
On April 17, 2026, staff of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) released a draft revised Section 9.0 of its Security Program for Hydropower Guidance addressing cybersecurity for hydropower projects. FERC staff explains that the revisions are intended to modernize the existing guidance to reflect technological advancements, lessons learned from inspections and audits, and evolving practices for protecting cyber and control-system assets. Comments on the draft are due Monday, May 18, 2026.
FERC Proposes NEPA Categorical Exclusion for Certain Hydropower Terminations and Revocations
On February 19, 2026, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that would expand an existing National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) categorical exclusion to cover certain terminations and revocations of hydropower licenses and exemptions. The proposal would allow FERC to rely on a categorical exclusion, rather than preparing an Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), for license and exemption terminations or revocations that involve only minor or no ground-disturbing activity and minor or no changes in reservoir conditions and downstream flows.
FERC Approves 1,200‑MW Pumped Storage Project on Former Smelter Site
On January 22, 2026, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission or FERC) issued a 40‑year original license to FFP Project 101, LLC (FFP) to construct and operate a 1,200‑megawatt pumped storage hydropower facility, the Goldendale Energy Storage Project, in Klickitat County, Washington. FERC found that, with conditions, the closed‑loop pumped storage project will add significant long‑duration capacity and flexibility to help integrate renewable resources in the Western grid.
EPA’s Proposed CWA 401 Rule Narrows Scope of State Reviews, Reins in Timelines
On January 15, 2026, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the long-awaited proposed rule Updating the Water Quality Certification Regulations (Proposed Rule), which, if adopted, would largely reinstate the previous Trump administration’s 2020 Clean Water Act Section 401 Certification Rule (2020 Rule). EPA’s proposal seeks to limit the scope of state-issued water quality certifications (WQCs) under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) to water quality impacts associated with discharges authorized by federal agency actions. The Proposed Rule also addresses concerns raised by applicants for federal licenses and permits (including for hydroelectric projects, natural gas pipelines, and other energy and infrastructure projects) that certain states have overstepped their Section 401 authority to impose onerous terms and conditions unrelated to water quality and artificially extended the statutory time limits for issuing WQCs.
One-Track Mind: Unanimous SCOTUS Decision on Rail Line Approval Further Narrows Scope of NEPA
On May 29, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous opinion in Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County, Colorado that dramatically changes the way courts scrutinize federal agencies’ environmental reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Justice Brett Kavanaugh, writing for a five-justice conservative majority (with Justice Neil Gorsuch abstaining), held that (a) courts must afford federal agencies “substantial judicial deference” regarding both the scope and contents of their environmental analyses; and (b) courts do not need to consider the effects of the action to the extent they are “separate in time or place” from the proposed project. The ruling gives federal agencies permission to greatly streamline their NEPA analyses at a time when those agencies are rapidly being drained of their resources and facing increasing pressure to expedite lengthy permitting processes.
To Waive or Not to Waive? That Is the 401 Question
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit on May 16, 2025, clarified the conditions under which a state waives its Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 401 water quality certification (WQC) authority. In Village of Morrisville v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the D.C. Circuit rejected arguments by a hydropower licensee that Vermont waived its certification authority under Section 401 by failing to issue a WQC within one year from receipt of a certification request. The applicant unilaterally withdrew and refiled its WQC application twice in an effort to avoid unfavorable certification conditions. Because the applicant withdrew its WQC application to further its own interests, the court held that the applicant could not claim that Vermont waived its Section 401 conditioning authority by not issuing a WQC within a year from the original application.
FERC Issues Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Conform to EPA’s Recent CWA § 401 Rule
At its May 23, 2024 open meeting, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NOPR”) proposing to establish a one-year “reasonable period of time” for certifying authorities to act on requests for water quality certification under section 401 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”). The proposed rule also clarifies that all FERC authorizations “that have the potential to discharge into waters of the United States,” including exemptions from licensing, require either a section 401 water quality certification or waiver thereof.
DOE Releases Awaited Draft Guidance for Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Hydropower Incentive
On February 8, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released draft guidance (Draft Guidance) on the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Act) (known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law) Section 247 incentive, one of the key hydroelectric provisions offered by the legislative package. The Act, which President Biden signed in November 2021, provides $553.6 million in total funding to the Section 247 program for “capital improvement” projects that maintain and enhance existing hydroelectric facilities to ensure generators continue to provide clean electricity, while integrating renewable energy resources such as wind and solar, improving dam safety, and reducing environmental impacts. The Draft Guidance focuses on the Section 247 application process and how DOE will rate and select incentive recipients. DOE will accept comments on the Draft Guidance until February 28th, which provides hydropower licensees an opportunity to help shape the final guidance, and alert DOE to any potential obstacles that could prevent licensees from successfully participating in the Section 247 program.
U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit Affirms Lower Court’s Dismissal of Tribe’s Case Against City of Seattle
On December 30, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit (“9th Circuit”) affirmed a lower court’s denial of the Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe’s (“Tribe”) motion to remand to state court and its dismissal of the Tribe’s action against the City of Seattle (“City”) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The case concerns Gorge Dam, which is located on the Skagit River in Washington and is one of three dams that make up the City’s Skagit River Hydroelectric Project (“Skagit River Project” or “Project”).