On February 14, 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”) upheld FERC’s March 2021 order granting Broadview Solar, LLC’s (“Broadview”) hybrid solar and battery project qualifying facility (“QF”) status (see March 25, 2021 edition of the WER) based on FERC’s interpretation of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (“PURPA”). Specifically, the D.C. Circuit determined, among other things, that FERC’s interpretation that a QF owner can use the MW net output at the point of interconnection in determining whether a facility meets the 80 MW statutory maximum for small power production facility QF status under PURPA was reasonable.

On February 10, 2023, FERC approved the Western Resource Adequacy Program (“WRAP”) proposed by the Western Power Pool (“WPP”). The voluntary program commits participants to demonstrate prior to a given Winter or Summer season that they have sufficient capacity to meet a required planning reserve margin and have reserved 75% of the transmission to deliver that capacity to load. The WRAP also allows those who are short on capacity to call on the excess capacity of other participants during critical periods. The Southwest Power Pool, Inc. will run the operations of the program, which became effective January 1, 2023, under the oversight of WPP.

On February 16, 2023, FERC approved two new extreme cold weather Reliability Standards—EOP-011-3 (Emergency Operations) and EOP-012-1 (Extreme Cold Weather Preparedness and Operations)—filed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (“NERC”) and aimed at implementing the recommendations resulting from a joint inquiry into the circumstances surrounding Winter Storm Uri. However, FERC also directed modifications to EOP-012-1 to address what FERC characterized as concerns over the Standard’s applicability, ambiguity, lack of objective measures and deadlines, and prolonged, indefinite compliance periods. The new Reliability Standards constitute the first phase of NERC’s effort to implement the recommendations resulting from the joint inquiry into the 2021 winter storm. NERC stated that it will address the remaining recommendations in the second phase of the project.

On January 31, 2023, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“Commission” or “FERC”) granted Great River Energy’s (“GRE”) requested incentive rate treatment for GRE’s investment in the Iron Range Project and Big Stone Project (collectively, “Projects”). Notwithstanding FERC’s approval, Commissioner Christie’s separate concurrence highlighted persistent concerns over the Commission’s incentive rate treatment policy.

On January 27, 2023, FERC approved the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (“MISO”) Transmission Owners’ (“TOs”) proposal to terminate reactive power charges and compensation under MISO’s Open Access Transmission, Energy, and Operating Reserve Markets Tariff (“Tariff”), effective December 1, 2022.  As a result, MISO will no longer charge transmission customers for reactive power service within the standard power range, and no generators, whether affiliated with the MISO TOs or not, will receive compensation for providing reactive power service within the standard power factor range.  Nevertheless, FERC’s determination does not affect MISO generators’ ongoing obligation to provide reactive power.  If MISO directs a generator to provide reactive power outside of the standard power factor range, the generator will be compensated based on existing mechanisms already included in MISO’s Tariff.  

On January 23, 2023, FERC set New York Power Authority’s (“NYPA”) proposed revisions to its Formula Rate Template for hearing, including changing NYPA’s allocation methodology for administrative and general (“A&G”) costs to a multi-factor, modified Massachusetts method (“Massachusetts Method”). In doing so, FERC found that NYPA had not supported its claim that the Massachusetts Method is appropriate for its specific circumstances and organizational structure or how the change would affect rates. FERC also conditionally accepted proposed changes to NYPA’s Formula Rate Protocols implementing transmission rate incentives and cost containment mechanisms for the Smart Path Connect Project.

On February 8, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released draft guidance (Draft Guidance) on the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Act) (known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law) Section 247 incentive, one of the key hydroelectric provisions  offered by the legislative package. The Act, which President Biden signed in November 2021, provides $553.6 million in total funding to the Section 247 program for “capital improvement” projects that maintain and enhance existing hydroelectric facilities to ensure generators continue to provide clean electricity, while integrating renewable energy resources such as wind and solar, improving dam safety, and reducing environmental impacts. The Draft Guidance focuses on the Section 247 application process and how DOE will rate and select incentive recipients.  DOE will accept comments on the Draft Guidance until February 28th, which provides hydropower licensees an opportunity to help shape the final guidance, and alert DOE to any potential obstacles that could prevent licensees from successfully participating in the Section 247 program.

On October 6, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals of Houston, Texas issued an opinion in San Jacinto River Authority v. Gonzalez, et al., a case involving claims by 85 residents against the San Jacinto River Authority (“Authority”), the governmental entity that maintains Lake Conroe and the Lake Conroe Dam, for releasing water from Lake Conroe and allegedly flooding their homes. The court found that the residents failed to prove causation because residents’ homes would have flooded even if the Authority had not released any water.

On October 21, 2022, the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) announced three new funding opportunities to support research and development projects for hydropower infrastructure in the United States.  The funding totals $28 million and is part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law’s efforts to advance hydropower as a clean energy source.  DOE explains that the funding will support the expansion of: (1) “low-impact hydropower,” such as retrofits for dams that do not currently produce power and existing pumped storage hydropower facilities, (2) the development of new pumped storage hydropower facilities, and (3) engagement with “key voices” on issues including fleet modernization, sustainability, and environmental impacts.

On December 20, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”) in Waterkeepers Chesapeake, et al. v. FERC vacated a FERC order approving the relicensing of the Conowingo Dam because FERC did not have the authority to issue the license under section 401 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”).  Specifically, the court found that FERC may only issue a license if the state issues a water quality certification for the dam or waives its right to do so. Here, the court emphasized that when the Maryland Department of Environment (“Department”) rescinded its water quality certification for the project subject to a settlement agreement, the recission did not constitute a waiver, and thus FERC did not have the authority to issue the dam’s new license under the act.