On March 20, 2025, FERC denied Ponderosa Power, LLC’s (“Ponderosa”) complaint alleging that NorthWestern Corporation’s (“NorthWestern”) application of its large generator interconnection procedures (“LGIP”) was unjust and unreasonable or unduly discriminatory or preferential. The dispute centered around NorthWestern’s requirement for Ponderosa to fund approximately $23 million in network upgrades to accommodate the interconnection of its 70 MW wind-powered generation facility located in Musselshell County, Montana (“Project”).
Petitioners Seek FERC Clarification Regarding Jurisdiction Over Proposed Storage-Based Transmission Project Between Puerto Rico and the United States
On February 10, 2025, Pluvia LLC (“Pluvia”) filed a petition for a declaratory order, asking FERC to clarify its jurisdiction to issue a preliminary permit for the construction, operation, and maintenance of transmission lines and other facilities to develop wholesale interstate transmission of electricity between Puerto Rico and the mainland United States. In its petition, Pluvia proposes to purchase electricity from the interstate transmission system on the U.S. mainland, store energy in Storage As Transmission-Only Assets (“SATOA”) or other storage devices, and ship the stored energy as sea cargo to Puerto Rico. Pluvia explains that, if approved by FERC, its proposal would establish an alternative to undersea cables as a basis for FERC’s Federal Power Act (“FPA”) jurisdiction in Puerto Rico.
Court Finds FERC Appropriately Evaluated Decision to Retain Dams in License Surrender
On January 14, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”) held that FERC complied with the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) in approving the surrender of a hydroelectric project license. The court found that FERC had adequately considered the alternative of dam removal and determined that keeping the dams in place outweighed any potential benefits to recreation, fisheries, and other environmental concerns. The case, American Whitewater v. FERC, involved a challenge to FERC’s license surrender decision regarding the Somersworth Hydroelectric Project (“Project”) on the Salmon Falls River, which spans the border between New Hampshire and Maine.
FERC Issues Nearly $1B Market Manipulation Penalty Regarding Alleged Energy Efficiency Projects
On December 16, 2024, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) directed American Efficient, LLC, its subsidiaries, and corporate parents (collectively, “American Efficient”) to show cause why American Efficient should not be found to have violated anti-manipulation rules. The order alleges that American Efficient engaged in a manipulative scheme to extract millions of dollars in capacity payments from Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (“MISO”) and PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (“PJM”) for energy efficiency projects that did not actually reduce energy use. FERC also requested American Efficient to show cause why they should not disgorge over $253 million in unjust profits and pay a civil penalty of $722 million.
FERC Issues Final Rule on Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification Requirements
On November 21, 2024, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) issued a final rule establishing a categorical one-year “reasonable period of time” for certifying authorities to act on requests for water quality certification under section 401 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”). The final rule also clarifies that all FERC authorizations “that have the potential to discharge into waters of the United States,” including hydropower exemptions, amendments, and surrenders, require either a section 401 water quality certification or waiver thereof.
FERC Holds Workshop on Innovations & Efficiencies in Generator Interconnection Process, Seeks Comments
On September 10 and 11, 2024, FERC staff held a two-day workshop at its headquarters in Washington, DC on opportunities to further refine the generator interconnection queue process. Panelists and FERC staff discussed potential enhancements to transmission planning and processing interconnection requests over the course of six panels on discrete
D.C. Circuit Finds FERC Failed to Adequately Consider GHG Emissions of LNG Project
On July 16, 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”) found that FERC failed to adequately consider a liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) project’s greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and failed to properly assess the cumulative effects of the LNG project’s nitrogen dioxide (“NO2”) emissions. While the D.C. Circuit remanded to FERC for further consideration, it did so without vacatur.
FERC Issues Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Conform to EPA’s Recent CWA § 401 Rule
At its May 23, 2024 open meeting, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NOPR”) proposing to establish a one-year “reasonable period of time” for certifying authorities to act on requests for water quality certification under section 401 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”). The proposed rule also clarifies that all FERC authorizations “that have the potential to discharge into waters of the United States,” including exemptions from licensing, require either a section 401 water quality certification or waiver thereof.
Divided FERC Announces Much-Anticipated Transmission Rules
On May 13, 2024, the Commission announced two major transmission reform final rules: Building for the Future Through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation (“Order No. 1920”) and Applications for Permits to Site Interstate Electric Transmission Facilities (“Order No. 1977”). Order No. 1920, which adopts specific requirements for how transmission providers must conduct long-term planning and allocate costs for regional transmission facilities, was the subject of significant debate at today’s meeting and only mustered two votes in support from the three sitting commissioners. The Commission unanimously approved Order No. 1977, which updates the process FERC will use in the limited circumstances in which it must exercise its authority over siting electric transmission lines, as directed by Congress in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (“IIJA”).
Senate Committee Considers Three New FERC Nominees
On March 21, 2024, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources held a hearing to consider President Biden’s three recent nominations to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC” or “Commission”): (1) David Rosner for the term expiring June 30, 2027; (2)Lindsay S. See for the term expiring June 30, 2028; and (3)Judy W. Chang for the term expiring June 30, 2029.Rosner is an energy industry analyst at FERC and led efforts related to the Commission’s rulemaking on energy storage resources, electric transmission, offshore wind integration, fuel security, and natural gas-electric coordination. See is the Solicitor General of West Virginia, and manages West Virginia’s civil and criminal appellate dockets, with a focus on regulatory and administrative law matters. Chang is an energy economics and policy analyst and was the former Undersecretary of Energy and Climate Solutions for Massachusetts, where she set policies for the Commonwealth’s energy sector.